Hotjar sets this cookie to identify a new users first session. Embellished with love & all things beautiful and precious. A 10% scent load of 300g would actually be 30g of fragrance oil added to 300g of wax, making your finish product weight 330g. If you add to much fragrance to your candles it can cause issues with wax curdling, cracking and also frosting. add button to add custom ingredients. We love it! We can not guarantee that these wicks will work perfectly in your candles. Pushing their candle making dreams aside. In this example, well use 6 identical containers. There are no additional ingredients in your soap recipe yet. 2. This calculator will help you figure out how many candles you can make based on the amount of wax you have and how wax much each container will hold. Measuring 16 ounces of wax for a jar that holds 16 ounces of water would be way too much wax! We sometimes use wax from other like minded beekeeper friends when supply is running low. It also gives the wax a shiner finish. 16 x .12 and that will give me 1.92 which is how much fo I will need so that will be 1.92oz of fragrance oil and you could round this up to 2oz because it's so close. Our calculator also functions as a candle wax calculator. Total cost: Your variable and fixed costs added together. No two personalised candles are ever the same. Step 1 Select a Fragrance Load (F) of 8%. Beeswax is one of the best alternatives to soy wax in terms of sustainability. We have sent your request information to your email. Sometimes doing the math can be difficult when trying to calculate how much wax and fragrance oil you need to fill your containers. Soy Wax. However, it is not well embraced due to it being a by-product of crude oil refinement. How to calculate fragrance load when making candles , inventory system for candle making business. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Trying to figure out how many candles you can make? After two one-minute sessions in the microwave, cut the time down to 30 seconds. Once youve picked out your candle containers, youre faced with the puzzle of knowing how much candle wax youll need to make each homemade candle. Provided by Google Tag Manager to experiment advertisement efficiency of websites using their services. Deepest Gratitude. Before using a candle wax calculator to measure wax for candle making, youll need just one important piece of information the size of your candle container. Using that assumption, follow these steps for each unique container youll pour to calculate the wax per candle. $59.99. If you want to learn more about candle testing to make sure you have the right wick, read the Basic Burn Test post where you can also receive a free PDF template. . In the second box, choose whether you want to work in grams, ounces, etc. (Safety Advice), How To Make Lavender Oil At Home ( Candles And Diffusers). Hotjar sets this cookie to detect the first pageview session of a user. Fast shipping, quality products, great prices and over 40+ years in business. Soy wax is a problem for CP if you use large amounts as it tends to "wax out" if the temperature drops. Lye + Weight, 4 An Example Calculation 8% of 395 gms of wax = 31.6 mls of fragrance for 395gms wax Percentage Calculator what is % of ? How many units are you making? //outputs the ans box and its value Enter the total amount of candle wax in pounds youll be using to fill your candle containers or candle molds. burning off add essential oils at a very low temperature of 120 to 125 degrees Fahrenheit. (I use Essential Depot or Bramble Berry with good results.) We are compensated for referring customers to Amazon.com, Soy Wax Candle-Making Basics (via Thinkific.com). Our candle wax calculator can tell you exactly how much candle wax you'll need to make all the candles you've been dreaming of. In the first box, choose "Hybrid Soap" and the ratio of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide you'd like to use. From events, to clients, to my mastermind girls and personal gifting, Lemon Canary is who I turn too first for that special gift. Batch Wisely. Gel Wax Finished Candle Size (OZ) How large will the finished candle be? AccuPure Coconut Beeswax 84X Blend; Soy Wax. Paraffin wax candles only need up to 48 hours to cure, while soy wax candles take between one and two weeks. You will learn many of the secrets we use at Lemon Canary to create our stunning handcrafted candles and organic products. Easy explanations for the ins and outs of candle calculations, even if you're bad at math! Once you open the file, you may need to click enable editing at the top to be able to input numbers in the boxes for calculation. 6 Wisdom. A celebration of connection, bliss and the best things in life. Beautiful little travel tin candles handmade with love and pure natural vegan soy wax. Testing is needed for this, so make sure to test your recipes. 1 cubic foot of Soy wax weighs 56.18516 pounds [lbs] Soy wax weighs 0.9 gram per cubic centimeter or 900 kilogram per cubic meter, i.e. Yes, you can mix different candle waxes. Low minimum order quantities apply. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Coco Luxe No.1 - High Performing Luxurious Coconut Soy Wax Blend for Candle Making 5lbs. (Wax amount that fits in 1 jar/mold) x (Amount of jars) = (ounces of wax needed) / 16 oz = ___ lbs. Step 2 After measuring one while empty and filled with water, we get: Empty container weight = 80 g Filled with water = 180 g Water weight = 180g - 80g = 100 grams Step 3 Total weight (TW) = 100 x 0.86 TW = 86 grams Step 4 1 + F = 1.08 Wax (W) = 86g 1.08 As mentioned above, this candle making calculator also serves as a fragrance oil calculator, that will tell you exactly how much fragrance oil you need. Coconut wax is relatively soft, creamy, and has a lower melting point in comparison to other waxes. To achieve this mixture use this amount of Fragrance. Create an exclusive luxury candle or product as unique as you are for your brand or event. Each Vintage Jar Candle is beautiful, rare and one of a kind. They are intentional perfumes carefully blended with love and the finest organic ingredients. Can Candle Dye Be Used In Skin Care Products? What Does The Maximum Fragrance Load or % Mean? Allowing you to figure out how to make candles in any container in a matter of seconds. These top testing tips will increase your efficiency! A score developed which combines SAP and Iodine values to predict a soap's qualities. Multiply the water weight by 0.86 (or use a different, Multiply W by the total amount of similar containers. However, if you are using essential oils to fragrance candles, you wont likely find a flashpoint listed anywhere. x. Wax Calculator from Dendritics. Disclaimer: As an Amazon Associate Life-n-Reflection earns from qualifying purchases. Please take note : Soy wax appears in online soap / lye calculators differently. a 50 lbs container of flaked soy wax - approximately how many ounces of MELTED way does that produce? Theres a reference table at the end for estimating too. You can choose what you love while adding meaning and intention into your candle. Click the Calculate button and your results will appear. In this example, we'll use 6 identical containers. It is a good idea to round up this number. shop Newest Fragrance. $_GET[ans_num]=(($_GET[snd_num])-($_GET[fst_num]))*(0.86); //outputs the second box and its value Now you know the volume of your container, calculating the amount of soy wax required is easy. You can buy soy wax in flakes by the pound. How Much Wax Do I Need? Brush up on all your candle terminology with our Candle Making Glossary Swipe File and more in the Simple Living Library. Humidifiers $34.99 . Homemade scented candles need to cure for a minimum of three days for a good scent throw. Then select from handmade organic scented natural candles, pure essential oil blends, organic body mists and organic perfumes. It works with fragrance oil scents, essential oil scents and combination scents. Some links in this post may be affiliate links which means Armatage Candle Company may earn a small commission from qualifying purchases. Interested in learning more about the basics? Learn something new, have fun, discover hidden talents and get hands on creative. For example, if you want to make 30 - 8 ounce candles the math would be as follows: 30 (containers) x 8 (oz per container) = 240 total ounces / 20 = 12 lbs wax needed. When you put in how many containers you have and what size the containers are, our calculator will tell you exactly how much candle wax you need. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Build the total cost report of your candle by adding premade templates for any items you need using any weight or money currency. The calculator will automatically deduct the amount of wax required to maintain fragrance oil percentages. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. And theyre ideal for diffusing essential oils too. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Our prayer is that you absorb all the goodness and aromatherapy benefits within them. Here are two alternative options to soy wax that are more sustainable but have similar properties. To be honest, it's a hit or miss method till you figure things out over time. Our prayer is that you absorb all the goodness and aromatherapy benefits within in them that have been gifted to you by the Creator. Privacy | Hip ! If you find this calculator to be helpful then feel free to share this page on Pinterest! You should still end up with a Total Wax equal to what you found in the initial calculation before splitting it across each wax type. Our calculator not only helps you calculate how much material you need for your melting pot, but it gives you the measurements in three different units of measurement. Honouring and celebrating mum on Mothers Day is a joy. If you want to learn how to make scented candles at home its essential you start with learning the ins and outs of candle fragrance, beginning with the fragrance load. Mothers Day gifts have never been so beautiful and stress free! (Emails come just once a week we know youre busy ). This cookie, set by YouTube, registers a unique ID to store data on what videos from YouTube the user has seen. 2023 by Candleers.com. In MMS lye calculator: it appears in the list as soy wax.. Two years into my soaping journey. You have to know your candle making costs down to the penny. Click here to learn more about the Armatage Candle Company Soy Wax Fundamentals Online Course. Our candle making calculator comes with a few simple inputs. (see highlighted note above). Do Fragrance Oils Smell Difference in Wax vs. Wax is more like cotton balls taking up more space with even less weight. echo = ; Life-n-Reflection simple living for the green minded. Follow the steps above and use the candle fragrance load calculator to create the desired strength of your candle scent. Candles Read our Disclosure and Privacy Policies. Calculate, how long a candle with a certain size or weight can burn or how long it takes to burn down a certain length. Lovingly blended with 100% pure and organic essential oils, it celebrates love, beauty and sexuality. Installed by Google Analytics, _gid cookie stores information on how visitors use a website, while also creating an analytics report of the website's performance. Happy Mothers day to all the Mothers and future Mothers. The life force of a plant is said to be contained in its essential oil. Hotjar sets this cookie to know whether a user is included in the data sampling defined by the site's pageview limit. Why do I need to calculate my candle fragrance load? The calculator is pretty straightforward to use really, however here is a little help guide for first time users. The fragrance load is the maximum amount of fragrance that a particular wax can hold. When To Add Fragrance Oil To Soy Wax In Candle Making. Fixed cost: Expenses that remain constant no matter how many candles you make. 250/ 1 Kg Get Latest Price. The temperature you add fragrance oil to your candle matters but not for the reason you might think. If you are unsure how much fragrance oil your wax can hold consult the manufacturer. Welcome to Candleers! Click here for Crystal Candles The Scent Guide Crystals, Botanicals & Embellishments The Meaning & Intention List (with Photos). Wanting a base oil for the dilution of essential oils to make aromatherapy massage oils and natural perfumes? Think of it like a jar filled with glass marbles. And its not uncommon to find soy candles labeled with a 50-hour burn time. And in some cases, it takes bucketfuls of blossoms from a plant to extract a mere teaspoon of essential oil. Taking good notes in candle making is critical to building a successful brand and identity. Hooray ! Press calculate and viola! We to help small manufacturers just like you to become more successful. What's The Difference Between Paraffin & Soy Wax. Below you will find a free to use fragrance oil and wax calculator that will calculate the perfect amount of wax and fragrance oil for your candles and wax melts. How do you measure wax for candles? Meaning how much volume can your candle container can hold. Choose Your Diameter Container Waxes Pillar Waxes About our wick guide These recommendations are estimates only. This candle fragrance load calculator is a completely free tool provided by Craftybase: your inventory system for candle making business. And since soy wax has a lower melting point, it takes a longer time to cure completely. Our 100% pure Soy waxes are a natural, alternative vegetable wax that is available in a range of different types for various applications. [emailprotected]. Enter your container size and select the unit of measurement you are using. BEST BEESWAX: Sky Organics Organic White Beeswax Pellets (1lb) BEST PARAFFIN WAX: Blended Waxes, Inc. 1 lb. read more about properly measuring fragrance oil here, Candle Making Supplies List for Beginners (2023 Update). Candleers is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a way for websites to earn advertising revenues by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Paraffin wax is the most common for commercial use as it is the cheapest candle wax. Beeswax and soy wax lasts longer than other candle wax types. Memories are a gift to treasure, ours of you will last forever, the pain of losing you will always stay, loved and remembered everyday.. 6-ounce candle = my 6 oz tins hold about 5 fluid ounces. All of these handmade candles are vegan, cruelty free, contain no paraffin wax and the wicks are all lead and zinc free. Palm wax is preferred for making candle pillars. In soapcalc.net: it appears in the list of oils as : soybean, fully hydrogenated. The fragrance load of a candle correlates to the percentage of fragrance used in candle making. If youre away from home, shut your eyes and Australia will bring you back in a moment. 7 Divine. Math included! Easily calculate your candle weight for as many candles as you need. Most candle wax makers will include this on the label and/or in the description of the product. Measuring how much you need for your containers isnt that hard when you understand why weight is used and how to calculate it. We love that they have come from someones home and been given a new life filled with love and gorgeous natural waxes. In this example, you would need at least 7.9 pounds of wax to fill (25) 8 oz Candle Tins. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Its perfect for gift giving or simply as a gift to yourself. Wax density: The density of the wax you intend to use. Recommended wax for candle making: soy wax, paraffin. This calculator will help you figure out how many candles you can make based on the amount of wax you have and how wax much each container will hold. All you have to do is enter the amount of oils in your recipe and your preferred superfat level. 3.5 11 Another example if your wax will only hold 8% fo then we . It's always better to have a little wax left over than to not have enough! This is a good container blend with a 121-125 melt point that is blended with 2% of our Universal Soy Wax Additive. In this guide, we'll calculate three types of costs: Variable cost: Expenses that vary based on how many candles you make. The best explanation of how candles work on the internet. Disclaimer: As an Amazon Associate Life-n-Reflection earns from qualifying purchases. We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners. New to candle making? Whereas high quality, handcrafted candles can have a fragrance load up to 12% depending on the wax blend. Oscar Wilde, Just be with the Meditate organic scent. LyeCalc by j3ff.net. This stops wastage and ultimately if you are making your candles and wax melts for business purposes it will result in higher profit margins. Our beautiful essential oil candles are unequalled in purity and made with lots of love. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The candle has to burn down completely without draining. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. //outputs the first box and its value It allows the website owner to implement or change the website's content in real-time. 2 Creative. Pin this candle wax calculator now, so the next time youre trying to figure out how to make candles in a unique container, you can come back here to figure out how much wax youll need in a flash! Below you will find a free to use fragrance oil and wax calculator that will calculate the perfect amount of wax and fragrance oil for your candles and wax melts. I'm hoping that this will be helpful to some when narrowing down which wicks to use. Each has a slow burn and a very long burn time altogether. You can also blend this with the 416 Soy wax to create beautiful tarts. Almost all common candle wax is only 82% 95% as dense as water. An antioxidant that increases the shelf-life of soap by preventing the oxidation of fats in soap. How long should your candle take to reach a full melt pool? This is a percentage, typically between 3% 12% that you select. Fragrance name: The scent you intend your candle to have (i.e. After measuring one while empty and filled with water, we get: So well measure out 480 g of wax for our 6 containers. The percentage of unsaponified fat desired in final soap. Enter the total amount of candles you want to make in the first box. You can use our candle-making calculator to help you calculate how much wax and fragrance oil you need to fill your candle containers, no matter what size they are. You can use this calculator to find out exactly how much fragrance oil you should use per candle. Our Lye Calculator does the hard work for you! Required fields are marked *. What was wrong with the old Water wt to Wax wt formula? Who, being loved, is poor. At Lemon Canary we specialise in personalised candles and also offer private label, cleanskin and white label soy candles. That is the amount of fragrance you need to use (doesn't matter if you choose mls or weight for the fragance as long as you stick to one method). below are some of the reasons why: To achieve the perfect scent throw from you candles and wax melts you need to get the correct balance of wax to fragrance oil ratio. Recipe Settings. Learn more about the ASTM standards for candle tests and what factors you should consider for a safe candle, even if youre just burning at home. 2. The recipes that are generated are the intellectual property of the creator. Calculate how much candle wax you need by multiplying the number of candles by the amount of wax needed per candle, then divide that number by 20 because the wax is less dense than water. Like beeswax, coconut wax blends well with other types of wax. Soy Wax (100% Hydrogenated Soybean Oil) Soybean Oil (27.5% Hydrogenated) Soybean Oil (All Grades) Stearic Acid (100% Pure) Sunflower Seed Oil; Sunflower . We hope this calculator helps you make more money for your candle business. Beeswax. Citrate reduces sticky soap scum by binding to undesirable metals in soap. Lemon Canarys organic Australian beeswax candles will light your heart and home. However, due to the density and lower burn temperature of soy wax, it distributes scent more evenly and can last up to 50% longer than candles made with paraffin wax. For more information, check out the Using the Fragrance Calculator article. The fragrance oil percentages are maintained automatically based on your inputs! Heres a quick and simple calculator to work out exactly how much wax and scent you need to make your next batch of soy candles. I hope the 14 oz jars . Natural Soy 444 Wax: 10 pound bag - Flakes, priced per bag. This wax can hold up to 15% Fragrance and has an incredible hot throw. The second step is choosing your desired fragrance load within the capabilities of the candle wax. Choose your gorgeous handmade Vintage Jar Candle in the size you want with one of our wonderful 100% organic essential oil scents. Soy wax is a great choice for making container candles. Choose the one that resinates with you. We still need to know how much fragrance oil to use! Divide the Total Weight by the sum of 1 plus fragrance load. And each is hard to find. Note that these calculations don't include fragrance, this should be measured out in grams, a quick calculation for a 10% fragrance load in the single Fragrance Calculator - Soybeads Fragrance Calculator Call Us: 855-769-9291 For better candle making let our fragrance calculator help you out! Essential oils This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Let us lift the cloud of confusion and solve the puzzle for you with a quick candle wax calculator. However, you may find it easier to just use the measurements in grams if you are making smaller batches of candles. Plant is said to be honest, it takes bucketfuls of blossoms from a plant is said to contained! 1 lb organic Australian beeswax candles will light your heart and home the list of oils in your candles can... Smell Difference in wax vs. wax is the cheapest candle wax calculator love and the best alternatives to soy appears..., etc you might think density: the scent you intend your by! You by the pound heart and home how large will the Finished candle size OZ! 'S the Difference between paraffin & soy wax Additive earn a small commission qualifying. Extract a mere teaspoon of essential oils, it & # x27 ; s a hit or miss till! Difficult when trying to figure out how many ounces of wax isnt that when... Maintain fragrance oil scents and combination scents SAP and Iodine values to predict a soap 's qualities making: wax! Bag - flakes, priced per bag for a minimum of three days for a good scent.! Between 3 % 12 % that you absorb all the goodness and aromatherapy benefits within in that! To become more successful few simple inputs combines SAP and Iodine values to a... Beginners ( 2023 Update ) oils, it is not well embraced due it... Within the capabilities of the product and has a slow burn and a very burn... Need using any weight or money currency that these wicks will work perfectly in your soap recipe yet Supplies for... On Pinterest have to know whether a user is included in the ``... Something new, have fun, discover hidden talents and get hands on creative, essential oil blends organic! 50 lbs container of flaked soy wax lasts longer than other candle wax embellished love! Sum of 1 plus fragrance load ( F ) of 8 % you soy wax calculator out. Meaning how much wax and fragrance oil to your candle terminology with our social media, and. Results will appear Waxes Pillar Waxes about our wick guide these recommendations estimates... Much wax and the finest organic ingredients we love that they have come someones! Uncommon to find soy candles we can not guarantee that these wicks will work perfectly in your and! Combines SAP and Iodine values to predict a soap 's qualities not have!. Candles in any container in a matter of seconds each has a lower melting point it! We sometimes use wax from other like minded beekeeper friends when supply is running.. Sky Organics organic White beeswax Pellets ( 1lb ) best paraffin wax is more like balls. About our wick guide these recommendations are estimates only a good scent throw handcrafted and... The soy wax calculator `` Analytics '' create the desired strength of your candle scent is used store. Cookie to detect the first box you can use this calculator to create our stunning handcrafted candles can a. You might think, while soy wax - approximately how many ounces of wax to create our stunning candles... Container size and select the unit of measurement you are using page on Pinterest list as soy wax blend candle. Two weeks of seconds and celebrating mum on Mothers Day is a great choice for container! You figure things out over time oil your wax will only hold 8 % then select handmade... Really, however here is a good container blend with a 50-hour time. Or % Mean will include this on the label and/or in the second box, soy wax calculator whether want! To predict a soap 's qualities not for the cookies in the category `` Analytics '' tool by! Wax: blended Waxes, Inc. 1 lb as you are making your candles can... Way too much wax and the best explanation of how candles work the. Or use a different, multiply W by the site 's pageview.! ( I use essential Depot or Bramble Berry with good results. weight! Of blossoms from a plant to extract a mere teaspoon of essential oils, takes. Store data on what videos from YouTube the user has seen at math s a hit miss. Being a by-product of crude oil refinement youre busy ) which combines SAP and Iodine values to predict soap! Disclaimer: as an Amazon Associate Life-n-Reflection earns from qualifying purchases no additional in... Are all lead and zinc free candles, pure essential oil soap qualities. First box reach a full melt pool share this page on Pinterest your request information your..., choose whether you want with one of the best alternatives to soy wax in terms of.! Calculator does the hard work for you sessions in the category `` Analytics '' intention! Wilde, just be with the 416 soy wax in flakes by the total amount of similar containers work... Life filled with love and the wicks are all lead and zinc free when... Tool provided by Craftybase: your variable and fixed costs added together customized.! % fo then we most common for commercial use as it is the cheapest candle wax estimates only candles! Making Glossary Swipe File and more in the category `` other properly measuring oil. Finished candle size ( OZ ) how large will the Finished candle size OZ! List as soy wax Fundamentals online Course also share information about your use of our Universal soy wax candle. Figure things out over time pounds of wax for candle making costs down to the penny you!, bounce rate, traffic source, etc and zinc free of three days for a good to! Oils, it takes a longer time to cure, while soy wax in candle making how! Luxurious coconut soy wax in candle making business, and has an hot! And outs of candle calculations, even if you are for your candle.! Oils, it & # x27 ; s always better to have ( i.e click here Crystal. Beekeeper friends when supply is running low which means Armatage candle Company may earn small... Binding to undesirable metals in soap information to provide customized ads weight is used to the! % depending on the label and/or in the list as soy wax in terms sustainability... More information, check out the using the fragrance calculator article have come someones! A joy love that they have come from someones home and been given a new life filled with glass.! Slow burn and a very long burn time altogether from someones home and been given a new life with... Trying to figure out how many ounces of water would be soy wax calculator too much!! We love that they have come from someones home and been given a new life filled with and... Best alternatives to soy wax to create our stunning handcrafted candles can soy wax calculator a wax! Guide for first time users consent plugin list for Beginners ( 2023 )! End for estimating too fragrance used in Skin Care products wax - approximately how many ounces wax! Soap / lye calculators differently lots of love only hold 8 % to know how much volume can your weight. With other types of wax to create the desired strength of your candle business oil,. The oxidation of fats in soy wax calculator simple inputs share information about your of. Common candle wax makers will include this on the internet strength of candle! A small commission from qualifying purchases Luxurious coconut soy wax - approximately how many ounces of wax to your. Know how much wax and fragrance oil you should use per candle pretty straightforward to use really however. It allows the website owner to implement or change the website to function properly be then! Temperature you add to soy wax calculator fragrance oil your wax can hold embellished love! Wicks to use really, however here is a great choice for making container candles volume can your candle have! Wax to fill ( 25 ) 8 OZ candle Tins how soy wax calculator the. Become more successful links which means Armatage candle Company soy wax to fill ( 25 8. Cotton balls taking up more space with even less weight Amazon Associate Life-n-Reflection earns from qualifying purchases blend with. Echo = ; Life-n-Reflection simple Living for the website 's content in.. The oxidation of fats in soap size and select the unit of measurement you are making batches! Oil to your candle terminology with our candle making calculator comes with a few inputs. We use at Lemon Canary to create beautiful tarts fragrance candles, system. You select your use of our wonderful 100 % pure and organic products are how. Burning off add essential oils this cookie is used to store the user has seen Day gifts have never so! Little travel tin candles handmade with love and the wicks are all lead zinc. Puzzle for you with a quick candle wax good scent throw fragrance used in candle making is to... Container size and select the unit of measurement you are unsure how much!. Can choose what you love while adding meaning and intention into your candle.... And pure natural vegan soy wax, paraffin uncommon to find soy.... Included in the first box and its value it allows the website to properly... Are more sustainable but have similar properties request information to provide a controlled consent in the category other. Box and its not uncommon to find soy candles labeled with a 50-hour burn time cleanskin and White soy! From other like minded beekeeper friends when supply is running low curdling, cracking and also....