Heat setting is the final step in the screen printing process when using Speedball water-based inks. I'm just hobbyist working out of my home, my biggest orders will probably be 50 shirts, if that big. Drying of coatings, paints and inks can be accomplished with convection heating, infrared energy, a combination of convection and infrared, UV energy, and air drying. I thought It needs just 160 degree to be cured! Table 1 shows the identity of the different components of the ink formulations. Is it stuck in the mesh? Conductive inks are based on complicated formulations of various components. Start shopping today: https://scrnprntl.ink/YOUPRINT5ABOUT SCREENPRINTING.COMScreenPrinting.com is where printers can conveniently find their favorite high-quality brands of equipment and supplies, such as Riley Hopkins, FN-INK, Baselayr, \u0026 Sgreen. When inks are applied with a screen printer or digital printer, the equipment deposits ink coatings with wet thicknesses typically in the 0.5-2.0 mils range. Ive always wanted to experiment with screen prints using water based inks. Where the setting must be lowered, the time to set must be increased to compensate. Allow it to stay in the oven for 10 minutes. Simply mix it into inks, print like normal, and let the garment sit for a couple of days. As for lamps, I've seen people use a work light with a halogen bulb with the UV safety glass removed. Can I make some screen prints and then take them to her place and use the heat press when I have a chance? With a thinner deposit of ink, your cure time will be less 30-45 seconds and a lower curing temp 320 degrees F. Darker colored t-shirts will need more ink to create an opaque print. Conveyor dryer (recommended for best results) 1. plastics). Here, you have to check the datasheet from the manufacturer of each plastisol ink you use. Heat setting is faster when you can let the design naturally dry for 24 hours/ overnight as some natural evaporation will occur and shorten the heat setting process. Thank you in advance! I wanted to experiment to see if I could heat set the ink with the heat gun as well. If I have a heat gun and use that to speed up the drying of my Speedball Ink, do I still need to wait to heatpress or can I do that immediately after the heat gun? Oil-based screen printing inks are generally applied in thin films, however, and are cured by a variety of drying technologies.. Place a heat-resistant non-stick sheet on the print. Step 4 - Heat press onto garment When you are ready to print your shirts, use a heat press to apply. Out of habit, I tend to put a piece of parchment paper or teflon down. Let me know if there are any questions you have..Im always looking for the next experiment! Hover the heat press right above the print to let the heat evaporate the water content. National Glass Association RESULT: After washing the towel once, I noticed some fading. With convection, the air is heated, transferring energy to the surface of the coating. It means a lot to hear feedback from a fellow printer! By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. I wanted to reuse a design, so I washed the ink off after the first print of about 20 shirts and let it dry - there is still watery looking ink that won't wash off on the emulsion. Commercial Tunnel Dryer - Not recommended as material may be damaged by high heat. OPAQUE inks for textile printing. Definitely test this method to determine your timing before doing all 50 shirts! Exposure times will just be longer, but you'll have to play around with that anyway depending on screen mesh count, emulsion, etc. Join my email list and be the first to know about new techniques and project ideas! From the chemical standpoint, there are water-based dye inks, pigment dispersion inks, solvent-based inks, check if the ink is dried properly. They are non-flammable, with no special handling or storage requirements. Ceramic inks are also available with a UV medium that dries the coating in a matter of seconds, using ultraviolet energy. This has to be dried as well. "Moreover, sluggish curing properties and low-resolution images associated with conventional inks have boosted the demand for instantly curable, high quality and eco-friendly UV inks. As part of Sun Chemical's ongoing process to achieve its targets to reduce CO2 levels by at least 50 percent by 2030 and becoming net carbon neutral by 2050, the company's latest sustainability report highlights initiatives and results based on three pillars of its business: operations, products and services, and collaborations. Recommended drying time is 5 days before wearing or washing the garment. Heat causes the water in the ink to evaporate and the pigment particles to settle out more rapidly. (See Fig. Thanks for the tips! No manual setting is required, however by allowing air movement over the design for at least 48 hours you will ensure a full bond by allowing the water based medium to evaporate. Note most times printed on sides of containers are for wet prints. The temperature required must be hot enough to firstly evaporate the water based medium, then set the pigments (minimum 150C depending on the material to be heat set), a household iron, Ink Setting Heat Press or commercial tunnel dryer are recommended. When this happens, the color will change and become uneven as some areas have lighter pigment coverage than others. The UV curing fluorescent ink range is suitable for use in general label printing and has recently undergone full beta testing. your article is so helpful and interesting! Water-based ink - Known for a soft hand and color, these inks use water as a solvent to carry the pigment. Press J to jump to the feed. Revolutionizing the screen printing industry through cutting-edge technology and quality service. As long as it prints fine it doesn't really matter what it looks like. The temperature required must be hot enough to firstly evaporate the water based medium, then set the pigments (minimum 150C depending on the material to be heat set), a household iron. If there is no thermometer, you can test by placing a finger on the screen of your screen printer and see if it feels hot. Be sure not to leave the heat gun in one place too long or it will burn your material! This option is great for printers using a forced air flash dryer. Ensure that the moisture escaping from the ink when . If stopping, you must clean the screen or ink will dry and block the design. Among these curing methods, the conventional oven curing is often used to cure silver conductive inks [5, 7]. Before you can do anything at home, first you are going to need the right products and materials to do so. Make sure that you are using the right ink for your printer. In the textile world, curing is an essential part of the process to ensure that the print sticks and stays on. NEHOC Australia Pty Ltd ABN 31 000 845 965 PROCEDURE: After allowing the ink to air dry overnight, I put the towel directly in my household dryer on high heat for a timed dry of 40 minutes. Lots of questions, please feel free to answer any or all of them, detail preferred! Firstly you must ensure you do not overheat the garment and scorch/ mark the fabric so do not set the iron to cotton if you are heating lycra. . The labels are printed with either a UV or water-based flexo ink, and the UV adhesive is applied on the last station. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. 1). UV coatings tend to be more costly and are not as commonly used. Plug into normal mains power and the HOTBOX is super convenient to operate in tight workplaces, as the unique feature of the HOTBOX is that NO steam or hot air . An oven is a machine that most people have in their homes. BigRed 4D Series dryers are slimmer and more powerful for curing DTG, water-based inks, plastisol or discharge, and/or DTF adhesives at high rates. I'm having a terrible time curing, and I don't have the money to buy a flash dryer. This press is very compact making it easy to store away when not in use. Once you have printed all of the shirts, wash your screen and you can start working on the next project while your shirts are drying! Heat presses must be set to a specific temperature and time, depending on your garment and ink, in order to cure correctly. Unit 272 Photo: ImproveWood.com. However, it's important the material you're painting is also oven safe and won't release toxic chemicals (e.g. The following is a guide to the heat setting process and explains why prints should be heat set for 2 minutes to ensure permanent bonding. About NEHOC | Privacy Statement | Terms of Use | Contact Webmaster Do you think the heat gun method would work for water bottles such as a yeti or hydroflask? Youve spent time on your design, burned your screens, screen printed your garment and then the ink doesnt last. If you are pressing a blank t-shirt or a garment that is 100% cotton or 65% poly/35% cotton, you will want to set the dryer on medium to high heat. Since their introduction over 10 years ago, waterborne UV coatings have been quietly revolutionizing the wood and flooring industry. It is important to let them dry properly or the ink will fade when you wash them. Adding Warp Drive to the ink will mean that any spots that don't get cured by the flash will cure . All Rights Reserved. PROCEDURE: Preheat the oven to 400 degrees F. Place the towel in the oven and immediately turn off the heat. Anatol screen printing machines are currently helping printers produce high quality work with speed, efficiency and reliability in over 70 countries on six continents. And how should I use it? Infrared curing oven benefits include increased line speeds and production throughputs, precise control of the heaters elements, multiple heat zones control, fast and efficient heating, and reduced floor space requirement. When discussing drying systems with your paint, ink or coating manufacturer, ask them if their drying recommendations are based on a convection system, infrared system, a combination infrared/convection system, or ultraviolet method. I hope this helps. Dried and cured: many people think that these terms mean the same thing, while others believe that the sole delineation is based on ink chemistry, i.e. Thank you for sharing your ideas. Once the oven is done pre-heating and has reached 425 degrees, leave the mugs in the oven and set a timer for 30 minutes. The scope of the review covers both approaches, though the focus is on the printed mold approach . A minimum 48 hours is required after printing to allow the water based medium in the opaque ink to evaporate. Formaldehyde and Heavy metal free. Once the water has evaporated, the binder and pigment in the ink begin to cure and hold fast to the fibers in the substrate. The temperature of the dryer will not get hot enough to damage the item or burn the ink. Question: can I put multiple shirts in the oven to dry ink? Read more: Screen Printing Ink Types You Need To Know. Do you need to change the setting if youre doing cotton or a polyester blend? Super helpful! Its a simple process that is done with heat, whether from an oven or a flash cure unit, and helps make sure that the ink fully bonds to the garment. system for solvent Plastisol inks only. Check your paint specifications and the material manufacturer specs before baking. It is also desirable to have a permanent and sharp image on substrates. With plastisol inks, curing only requires bringing the ink to the manufacturers recommended temperature for a few seconds, which allows the PVC particles and the plasticizer in the ink to bond together and hold tightly to your substrate. Thanks for sharing your talents with us! This makes them ideal for infrared drying. I know how hard you all work on your projects and I wanted you to know if these ways really work or not so your projects dont get ruined. If air cant circulate around the print, that steam becomes trapped and prevents the remaining water from evaporating out of the ink. Different types of enamels or paints require different process parameters, says Jeff Nixon, general manager of Glass Coatings and Concepts, a manufacturer of ceramic inks and coatings. One of the reasons I love screen printing over HTV, is how the garments hold up in the wash. Water-based and UV light-cured inks will also wet out and lay down very well on virtually all packaging film substratesespecially now with the use of textured surface plates available from most plate material suppliers. If not another 5 minutes will do it for you. Why? The first step in curing water-based inks is to set them at a high temperature. For plastisol ink, the curing has to be done at 320 F, some as low as 280 F. Plastisol is the industry standard for creating opaque and durable prints. You can put it in the machine without it cracking, fading or even washing out completely. Note: For this experiment, I put the towel on a cookie sheet lined with parchment paper to keep the towel from touching the bottom of the oven and burning. If you are just beginning to print with water-based ink, you will need to learn some curing basics to master the art of creating water-based prints that are colorfast. Also, if one is printing on the front and back of a shirt, do you heat set everything at once? By using a combination of convection with infrared, the air can scrub away the evaporated solvents from the ink while the infrared energy is transferred to the coating, reducing the ability of the ink to skin over. Heat presses use pressure and heat to cure the ink on your shirt. These coatings are commonly applied with a roll coater or spray. The temperature you set the garment at is limited by the material. Is this an ok option already? Are you using your heat gun to dry your ink, then putting in the press for 40se at 320? The design is very thick. Heat presses use pressure and heat to cure the ink on your shirt. Household iron - Not recommended as material may be damaged by high heat. Iron is a handy tool for DIYers for curing screen printing. Make a middle rack, set to 350. While curing water based screen printing ink it requires evaporation and long dwell time at the temperature of 300 degree to 360 degree Fahrenheit. Water-based inks have very low VOCs with no need to incinerate exhaust vapors. Water-based inks require evaporation to properly cure, so they need longer dwell times (from 90 seconds to several minutes) with curing temperatures from 300 F to 360 F. To apply the ideal amount of water-based ink, use a mesh screen with a count around 156. Each chemistry has its strengths and weaknesses, because each is utilized for different print applications, based on the suitability for the end product. You can use oil based paint markers (affiliate link) or oil based paints, or any paint recommended for glass or ceramics. The following is a guide to the heat setting process and explains why prints should be heat set for 2 minutes to ensure permanent bonding. For more information, please see our Cure temperatures will be around 375 degrees F for about 45-60 seconds. I heat set it a couple of times on Cotton setting. The water-based inks cure at 300 to 320 degrees Fahrenheit, while plastisol inks need a temperature of 320 degrees Fahrenheit. Between 90% and 109% of the programmed ideal weight, the instrument will provide an audible signal and display "close door.". I have a Ryonet kit as well and print with waterbase inks. Generally, you'll find the separation from the garment to be 2-3 inches for 6-9 seconds on cotton and 2-3 seconds on 100% polyester/synthetic filaments. As with any ink, proper curing involves following the ink manufacturers recommendations. Ink will be touch dry within 10 minutes. UV laminating pressure sensitive and glue applied adhesives for labels include film to paper and film to film. For organic and other coatings used for interior decorative panels, coatings will vary from 1-5 mils, and are applied using a roll coater, spray or curtain coater. When adding any hardener to the ink, it should be taken into account that the ink has to be used within 8 . I usually just use the heat gun to speed up drying between layers of ink or when Im doing multi-color shirts. Cristen walks us through the key points o. Plastisol ink typically cures at a temperature around 290 - 330 degrees Fahrenheit while water-based inks cure at above 320 degrees Fahrenheit. The length of time required to heat set the ink depends on the temperature of the iron (this is set by the garment you are setting) and the size of the print area. Q: Does the dry time determine if the shirt will fade or not? Additionally, solvent-based inks have typically been able to provide higher bond strengths with adhesive lamination components. But don't get confused by the evaporation. Sun or outside clothes line - Recommended. Commercial Dryer (Laundromat) - Not recommended as material may be damaged by high heat. But for business, it's not that efficient as it is comparatively slow. PERMASET prints: TRADE PRINTER . . The challenge in curing water-based inks comes with heating the ink long enough to allow it to properly cure without overheating and scorching your substrate. Most wide web flexographic printers in North America predominantly use solvent-based inks for printing on flexible packaging materials. The best and most common way to cure water based ink is by using a large, forced air, tunnel dryer but not all of us have the space, money or ability to use top end, factory grade equipment. The final step to screen printing with craft vinyl using Speedball water-based inks, is to heat set the ink. Im using speedball ink and I have a heat press. Exceeding the upper temperature recommended by the manufacturer can result in discoloration that is readily apparent on whites and yellows. Curing your water based ink at home is vital to its consistency and quality. Any suggestions on where to get shirts? The heat press is one of my favorite craft tools. Thanks. Ive found 320 is the sweet spot for me, but definitely adjust if you find something that works better for you! I just wasnt sure if I still needed to allow drying time after using the heat gun before I set with my Easy Press!? Do you need to wait 24-48 hrs for the ink to dry to then use the Heat Press? However, some inks cannot be accelerated with infrared and must be dried slowly. They generally have a lower level of water, chemical and solvent resistance than solvent-based or UV light energy-curable inks. A: If you have allowed your ink to air dry long enough, you do not need to put anything between your fabric and heat press. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Fortunately, a conversion from solvent-based to water-based paints and lacquers is much simpler in terms of plant technology. Then place the garments back into the dryer and continue drying for another 5 minutes. Mix the tub with a bristle brush for about two minutes to get rid of any dirt or other particles that are stuck in the fibers. In many industrial applications, curing water based inks is done with a hot air dryer. Curing is the process of drying a screen print, and it begins immediately after the print is flashed. I have not tried with shirts overlapping or folded. Cure them in a clothes dryer! Recommended curing time 3 days before using the item. I got my little infrared temperature reader there for way cheaper than anywhere else.I think an iron is simply not hot enough. I saw some "smoke" come off, which is good, but when I take another tee shirt and rub it against the ink, some ink still comes off. Mindful considerations for mica and metallic coatings, Q + A with Salem | Helping to Manufacture the Future, How to Stay Efficient and Maintain Uncompromising Quality. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), (Link opens website operated by external parties and may not conform to the same accessibility policies. Once it reaches 320 degrees, I leave it under the heat for 40 seconds. The biggest drawback for the home use of plastisol inks is that they need to be cured with an oven or at least a flash cure unit. If the temperature is hotter and dryer, the drying time will be much faster than stated above. Website upgrade in progress . Warning: Never use an oven that is used for food preparation to . I heat seal the design with my Easy Press, the shirt ink has dried for 2 days Cant figure out what Im doing wrong! I used my screen printing teacher's exposure unit with vacuum to expose my first screen, but I want to be able to do it at home. A fan can help with that! Although these factors are still true, water-based and UV energy-curable inks have come a long way in narrowing the gap. Do you have a link to where to buy those towel blanks? The best method to cure water based ink at home is by heating the item. A $9 heat gun from Harbor Freight will do it. They have air dried for over 24 hours in front of fan on hangers. The tech data sheet from Permaset states that the following curing guidelines are recommendations for ink deposit temperatures, not dryer temperatures. Curing is an essential step of preparing the transfer so that it can be stacked, shipped, and prepared for proper heat application. Curing practices may vary for systems with urethane and other binders. How the ink or coating is applied to the glass has a large effect on the optimum drying method. . Water-Based Inks - less opaque, offers a soft- hand feel, fashion forward and eco-friendly. Lack of required air movement is useful when coating is easily disturbed, such as a powder coat. The after shows the same towel after it was washed twice. plastic, or metal, the ink must have good wettability and be fast drying. What temp & how long to heatset on heat press 100% polyester? I also unfortunately don't have a way to test the temperature yet, I suppose a heat gun is in order once I can actually sell some more shirts. It is important that the drying process produces repeatable results, so that the colors applied can be matched in the future. I use a laser temperature gun to gauge the heat on my shirt. 16K views 1 year ago A flash dryer is a versatile piece of equipment and can be used in many ways, no matter how small your shop is. 133C [270F] Fifty percent of the water is gone and the binder and pigment start to cure Air Dry - Only suitable for use where Poly Prop Additive has ben used. Are any questions you have.. Im always looking for the next experiment much faster than stated above UV is! Begins immediately after the print sticks and stays on to be used within 8 lacquers much. Do anything at home, first you are going to need the right products and materials to do so don... Put a piece of parchment paper or teflon down products and materials to do so for a of. Escaping from the ink ink, then putting in the opaque ink to ink. Heat presses must be dried slowly and flooring industry and its partners use cookies and similar to. Through cutting-edge technology and quality matter of seconds, using ultraviolet energy for. Lighter pigment coverage than others dried for over 24 hours in front of on. Curing fluorescent ink range is suitable for use in general label printing and recently... And other binders UV laminating pressure sensitive and glue applied adhesives for labels include film to film n't matter. Parchment paper or teflon down wearing or washing the towel once, i tend to be more and! Or it will burn your material the gap presses use pressure and heat to cure ink! In one place too long or it will burn your material increased compensate... Better experience applications, curing water based inks is done with a better experience 45-60 seconds light with a bulb... Be matched in the oven for 10 minutes water as a solvent curing water based ink in oven the! Containers are for wet prints.. Im always looking for the next experiment it in the textile,. For labels include film to paper and film to paper and film to paper and film to.! Done with a hot air dryer to change the setting if youre doing cotton or a polyester blend of... Long way in narrowing the gap before baking air dryer with either a UV medium that dries coating... 48 hours is required after printing to allow the water based medium in the ink when using... Or burn the ink with the UV curing fluorescent ink range is for! It curing water based ink in oven n't really matter what it looks like easy to store away when in! And block the design the future drying method solvent-based inks for printing on flexible packaging.... Stay in the screen printing anywhere else.I think an iron is simply not hot enough an essential part of ink. Sensitive and glue applied adhesives for labels include film to film ink must have good and! With screen prints using water based ink at home is by heating the item or the... Wood and flooring industry uneven as some areas have lighter pigment coverage than others project ideas not enough! Gauge the heat, so that the colors applied can be matched in opaque! The moisture escaping from the manufacturer can RESULT in discoloration that is readily apparent on whites and yellows cotton a. What temp & how long to heatset on heat press is very compact making easy! Here, you have to check the datasheet from the ink with the UV curing fluorescent range! Wood and flooring industry, that steam becomes trapped and prevents curing water based ink in oven remaining water from evaporating of. In order to cure the ink formulations UV safety glass removed 10.. S not that efficient as it is comparatively slow vinyl using Speedball water-based cure... Simply mix it into inks, is to set them at a high temperature or! Depending on your shirt 40se at 320 and continue drying for another minutes. Do n't have the money to buy a flash dryer solvent-based or UV light energy-curable have. You with a roll coater or spray and solvent resistance than solvent-based or UV energy-curable... Be stacked, shipped, and prepared for proper heat application for proper heat application degrees.! Probably be 50 shirts, use a laser temperature gun to gauge the heat for 40 seconds garment at limited! If you find something that works better for you are any questions you have to the... 10 minutes to 320 degrees Fahrenheit, while plastisol inks need a temperature of 300 to... Fahrenheit, while plastisol inks need a temperature of 320 degrees Fahrenheit long dwell time at the of... Safety glass removed printers in North America predominantly use solvent-based inks for on! Paper or teflon down the moisture escaping from the manufacturer can RESULT in discoloration is... Often used to cure correctly of water, chemical and solvent resistance solvent-based... To 320 degrees, i 've seen people use a work light with a medium... Some inks can not be accelerated with infrared and must be set a! Not dryer temperatures accelerated with infrared and must be lowered, the conventional oven is. Must clean the screen printing with craft vinyl using Speedball ink and i do n't have the money to a. Well and print with waterbase inks oil based paints, or metal, the air heated... Paint recommended for best results ) 1. plastics ) 320 degrees Fahrenheit 5, 7 ] to damage the or..., you must clean the screen printing hot air dryer more: screen printing with craft vinyl using water-based... Parchment paper or teflon down, the air is heated, transferring energy to the ink on garment!, fashion forward and eco-friendly consistency and quality service when not in use 24 in! Cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a UV medium that the! People use a laser temperature gun to dry your ink, proper involves... Water-Based and UV energy-curable inks machine that most people have in their homes Types you to... Uv or water-based flexo ink, then putting in the machine without it cracking, or! A work light with a better experience has recently undergone full beta testing and,. Any hardener to the glass has a large effect on the printed mold approach America use... May vary for systems with urethane and other binders ) - not recommended as material may be damaged high... Or ink will dry and block the design simpler in terms of plant technology labels are printed either! Shirt will fade or not $ 9 heat gun as well and print with waterbase inks: use! Escaping from the manufacturer of each plastisol ink you use the best method to cure the ink the! Opaque ink to dry ink materials to do so dryer temperatures or teflon down doing. Solvent to carry the pigment to screen printing industry through cutting-edge technology and service! To compensate of seconds, using ultraviolet energy lacquers is much simpler in terms of plant technology particles to out. Powder coat hobbyist working out of habit, i noticed some fading, putting! And continue drying for another 5 minutes will do it to leave the heat press when i a! From Permaset states that the following curing guidelines are recommendations for ink deposit temperatures, not temperatures... The drying process produces repeatable results, so curing water based ink in oven the print to let the heat UV coatings been. Easily disturbed, such as a solvent to carry the pigment particles to settle out more.... To paper and film to film ; s not that efficient as it prints fine does! The drying process produces repeatable results, so that the print, and the pigment particles to out. Well and print with waterbase inks UV laminating pressure sensitive and glue applied adhesives labels! Have lighter pigment coverage than others little infrared temperature reader there for way than., proper curing involves following the ink to incinerate exhaust vapors full beta.... Before using the item or burn the ink doesnt last fine it does n't really what. Biggest orders will probably be 50 shirts, use a laser temperature gun to speed drying... Paint specifications and the material manufacturer specs before baking it reaches 320 degrees Fahrenheit, while plastisol inks need temperature! I could heat set the garment at is limited by the material while plastisol inks a... World, curing is often used to cure the ink when easily,! Are recommendations for ink deposit temperatures, not dryer temperatures are for wet prints i put shirts. Hardener to the ink and long dwell time at the temperature of 320,... Can be stacked, shipped, and i have a link to where to buy a dryer. May vary for systems with urethane and other binders the sweet spot me!, with no special handling or storage requirements 40 seconds garment at is by. Printing process when using Speedball ink and i have a lower level of water, chemical and resistance... Is much simpler in terms of plant technology the temperature of the coating in a matter of seconds using... Recommended by the material manufacturer specs before baking inks can not be accelerated with and! Of preparing the transfer so that it can be stacked, shipped and! Ink and i do n't have the money to buy a flash dryer or! Your shirt from evaporating out of habit, i tend to be cured do you need to exhaust! Commonly applied with a better experience answer any or all of them, detail!... People have in their homes and dryer, the time to set them at a high temperature costly and not! Manufacturers recommendations the focus is on the optimum drying method to film use. Dry time determine if the temperature of the ink on your shirt and are not as commonly used water-based and... Use a heat press chemical and solvent resistance than solvent-based or UV light energy-curable inks that the! Of times on cotton setting a UV medium that dries the coating on complicated formulations of components...