67 giant panda facts67 giant panda facts

The giant panda, indigenous to south-central China, is the country's national animal. Giant pandas are so cute because their large cheeks, snub noses, and tottering gate remind us of human infants. Except for the mothers care of infants, the only social activity of pandas takes place during females estrus, which occurs annually during the spring and lasts one to three days. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The panda also uses its powerful jaws and strong teeth to crush the tough, fibrous bamboo into bits. The skull of another ancestor, Ailuropoda microta, shows that it was half the size of a modern-day giant panda. 5. People in need of food and income have cleared forests for agriculture and timber. Civetone and decanoic acid are chemicals found in female urine which promote behavioral responses in males; both chemicals are considered giant panda pheromones. This thumb is actually a modified wrist bone. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1994. Both the Red Panda and the Giant Panda have an extra digit! Chemical analysis of marks is consistent with a difference in function for males and females. [112], The creature named mo () mentioned in some ancient books has been interpreted as giant panda. Panda facts Giant pandas are found only in China. #9. The gestation period is somewhere between 95 and 160 days - the variability is due to the fact that the fertilized egg may linger in the reproductive system for a while before implanting on the uterine wall.[100]. A giant panda can peel and eat a bamboo shoot in about 40 seconds. These individuals occupy a "group" territory, within which male home ranges overlap almost completely, while female home ranges overlap far less. Smithsonian's National Zoo scientists began giant panda research when Ling-Ling andHsing-Hsingarrived at the Zoo in 1972. It also estimated that around 1,590 pandas are living in the wild. The giant pandas solitary nature is underscored by its reliance on its sense of smell (olfaction). Members are our strongest champions of animal conservation and wildlife research. Depending on who reads the mark, the scents may either separate giant pandas or help bring them together. Anatomic, behavioral, and biochemical data have been used to place pandas with bears (family Ursidae), with raccoons (Procyonidae), or in a family of their own (Ailuridae). When the cub is first born, it is pink, blind, and toothless,[103] weighing only 90 to 130g (3+14 to 4+12oz), or about .mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{border-top:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1/800 of the mother's weight,[17] proportionally the smallest baby of any placental mammal. 2023 World Wildlife Fund. Pandas are different from other bears because these pandas are the only bears that like to eat plants. [93], Pandas can assess an individual's dominance status, including their age and size, via odor cues and may choose to avoid a scent mark if the signaler's competitive ability outweighs their own. His name means "more and more." Giant pandas live in temperate forests with rugged terrain, where they must climb trees, forage . The biological diversity of the pandas habitat is unparalleled in the temperate world and rivals that of tropical ecosystems, making the giant panda an excellent example of an umbrella species conferring protection on many other species where pandas live. We've got photography tips, videos, photos of amazing pets, and more! No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died, Known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalised population, Facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the Wild, Facing a high risk of extinction in the Wild, Likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future, Does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Near Threatened. In 2020, the panda population of the new national park was already above 1,800 individuals, which is roughly 80 percent of the entire panda population in China. The panda is one symbol of this philosophy with its contrasting black-and-white fur. Each animal confines its activities to a range of about 4 to 6 square km (1.5 to 2.3 square miles), but these home ranges often overlap substantially. Interesting Giant Panda Facts 1. [74], Although adult giant pandas have few natural predators other than humans, young cubs are vulnerable to attacks by snow leopards, yellow-throated martens,[75] eagles, feral dogs, and the Asian black bear. Washington, DC 20037. After bamboo, It is very rare to see more than one panda at a time in the wild. In that time, the Zoo's team consisting of dozens of animal care staff, scientists, researchers, international collaborators and conservationists has made great strides in saving this species from extinction by studying giant panda behavior, health, habitatand reproduction. Each day, dedicated Friends of the National Zoovolunteers, called Panda Watchers, monitor the pandas' behavior via thePanda Cam. [51] Its range is currently confined to a small portion on the western edge of its historical range, which stretched through southern and eastern China, northern Myanmar, and northern Vietnam.[1]. It depends on its mother for warmth, nourishment, positioning at the breast, and stimulating the passage of wastes. Fact 5. [38] Females (generally 1020% smaller than males)[39] can weigh as little as 70kg (150lb), but can also weigh up to 125kg (276lb). 8Schaller, George B. Giant Pandas have been living for approximately three million years. 21. Pandas live mainly in temperate forests high in the mountains of southwest China, where they subsist almost entirely on bamboo. The ears, eye patches, legs and shoulder band are black; the rest of the body is whitish. Her eye patches are oval, and a pale black band runs across the bridge of her nose. but yellow-and-black, [66] although the older Erya describes mo simply as a "white leopard". Even in 2013, the Encyclopdia Britannica still used "giant panda" or "panda bear" for the bear,[25] and simply "panda" for the red panda,[26] despite the popular usage of the word "panda" to refer to giant pandas. This national park features a population of . 6. Establishing the new protected area in the Sichuan Province also gives various other endangered or threatened species, like the Siberian tiger, the possibility to improve their living conditions by offering them a habitat. At the same time, scientistsmonitor hormones in her urineto pinpoint the window when she is ready to breed. The normal reproductive rate is considered to be one young every two years. [93] Pandas tend to avoid their species for most of the year, breeding season being the brief time of major interaction. In other areas, such as reproductive biology, the advanced techniques scientists use today largely did not exist when Ling-Ling andHsing-Hsingwere alive. Giantpandas are very comfortable and confident swimmers. [102] The father has no part in helping raise the cub. The Zoo's pandas are part of Panda Watch behavior study. What's more, they represent how international collaboration and conservation science can save species. The morphological characteristics of extinct relatives of the giant panda suggest that while the ancient giant panda was omnivorous 7 million years ago (mya), it only became herbivorous some 22.4 mya with the emergence of A. Many Chinese philosophers believe that the universe is made from two opposing forces, the Yin and Yang. Female pandas ovulate only once a year, in the spring. Field research has revealed that wild pandas' habitat is highly fragmented, which means pandas have a difficult time finding a mate. Instead, China began to offer pandas to other nations only on 10-year loans, under terms including a fee of up to US$1,000,000 per year and a provision that any cubs born during the loan are the property of China. Giant pandas have been the symbol of the international conservation organization WWF, or the World Wide Fund for Nature, since it was founded in 1961. Panda loves bamboo and there are about 20 different species of bamboo that pandas will eat. The giant panda has lived in bamboo forests for several million years. Austin, TX: Weigl Educational Publishers Limited, 1997. Its eyes open around 4-6 weeks. A scarcity in bamboo threatens the already limited panda population. Age must also be taken into consideration when assessing a competitor's fighting ability. The giant panda's paw has a "thumb" and five fingers; the "thumb" actually a modified sesamoid bone helps it to hold bamboo while eating. In captivity, they may receive honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrub leaves, oranges, or bananas along with specially prepared food. Panda Belongs to the Family of Bears. They're not from Guinea. WWF works to sustain the natural world for the benefit of people and wildlife, collaborating with partners from local to global levels in nearly 100 countries. Males appear to locate females first by scent and ultimately by vocalizations. Once they have mated, females chase the males out of their territory and raise their cubs on their own. [98] Only recently have researchers started having success with captive breeding programs, and they have now determined giant pandas have comparable breeding to some populations of the American black bear, a thriving bear species. [93] Pandas are also able to determine when the signal was placed, further aiding in the quest to find a potential mate. Pandas are pigeon-toed; in other words, they walk with their front paws turned inward. [120] One, named Grandma, only lasted a few days. [73], Pandas will travel between different habitats if they need to, so they can get the nutrients that they need and to balance their diet for reproduction. [28] This name did not gain its popularity until 1988, when a private zoo in Tainan painted a sun bear black and white and created the Tainan fake panda incident. "reunification"). It was not until the 20th century that giant pandas became known to the rest of the world outside of, Fashion designer and socialite Ruth Harkness (1900-1947), without training or experience, became the first Westerner to capture and present a live giant panda to the world outside. Speak up for species and places through WWF's Action Center. In addition, young conservation biologists in the U.S. and in China who were awarded Smithsonian's National Zoo fellowships for their work to save this vulnerablespecies were named "David M. Rubenstein Fellows." Since the 1990s China has greatly expanded its conservation efforts, and it now regards the panda as a national treasure. As the cub grows, the circles become shaped like a teardrop. [140], In 2012, Earthwatch Institute, a global nonprofit that teams volunteers with scientists to conduct important environmental research, launched a program called "On the Trail of Giant Panda". Scent marks are used to spread these chemical cues and are placed on landmarks like rocks or trees. To stay healthy, they have to eat a lotup to 15 percent of their body weight in 12 hoursso they eat fast. This theory does not work, however, when considering that giant pandas have no natural enemies to hide from. Allowing a larger group of individuals to roam through a larger area freely and choose from a greater variety of mates, helps to enrich genetic diversity of their offspring.[143]. As much as 16 out of every 24 hours is spent feeding, and elimination of wastes occurs up to 50 times per day. It is said to be fierce as a tiger, but gentle and strictly vegetarian, and described in some books as a white tiger with black spots. Giant pandas are icons in Washington, D.C., and beloved around the world. Outside of breeding season, a scent mark that is unfamiliar is usually enough to send a potential intruder ambling away. Forest loss also reduces pandas access to the bamboo they need to survive. Small populations cannot rebound the same way large populations do; as groups of pandas become more isolated, it is more likely that reproduction, disease resistanceand population stability will be threatened. Sometimes. As few as 1,864 giant pandas live in their native habitat, while another 600 pandas live in zoos and breeding centers around the world. Berkeley Heights. [100] When mating, the female is in a crouching, head-down position as the male mounts her from behind. An adult female panda weighs 200 pounds. Mr. Rubenstein provided an additional $4.5 million donation in fall 2015. Their head and body is 1.2 to 1.5 meters. In many older sources, the name "panda" or "common panda" refers to the lesser-known red panda,[24] thus necessitating the inclusion of "giant" and "lesser/red" prefixes in front of the names. Some linguists argue, in this construction, "bear" instead of "cat" is the base noun, making this name more grammatically and logically correct, which may have led to the popular choice despite official writings. The giant panda is the national animal of China. [42] The panda's skull shape is typical of durophagous carnivorans. ", List of endangered and protected species of China, "Four out of six great apes one step away from extinction IUCN Red List", "Number of pandas successfully bred in China down from last year", "Giant panda population rises by nearly 17 percent", "Giant pandas no longer endangered in the wild, China announces", "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary", "Analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences increases phylogenetic resolution of bears (Ursidae), a mammalian family that experienced rapid speciation", "giant panda (mammal) Encyclopedia Britannica", "panda (mammal, Ailurus species) Encyclopedia Britannica", "Discussion about the Chinese name for giant panda (in Chinese)", "Government Information Office will now use, "Scientists Discover Evidence of Giant Panda's Population History and Local Adaptation", "Search the Division of Mammals Collections", "Why is the giant panda black and white? The ability to break down cellulose and lignin is very weak, and their main source of nutrients comes from starch and hemicelluloses. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. [137] Packham argues that the money spent on pandas would be better spent elsewhere,[137] and has said he would "eat the last panda if I could have all the money we have spent on panda conservation put back on the table for me to do more sensible things with". These experts are also leading ecology studies in giant pandas' native habitat. Thats about as a fast as a horse or. Get ready for an overload of cuteness with these interesting ferret facts. For many decades, the precise taxonomic classification of the giant panda was under debate because it shares characteristics with both bears and raccoons. Adult pandas are so large that they do not have many natural enemies. Fossils of pandas have been dated between 1 and 2 million years old. A panda costs five times more to keep than the next most expensive animal, an elephant. [91][88] For example, age can be useful for a female to determine sexual maturity and sperm quality. WWF and 1986 Panda Symbol are owned by WWF. The cub begins to crawl at 75 to 80 days;[17] mothers play with their cubs by rolling and wrestling with them. [9][36][40] The average weight for adults is 100 to 115kg (220 to 254lb). [50] Stephen Jay Gould discusses this feature in his book of essays on evolution and biology, The Panda's Thumb. Black limbs, tail, legs, and shoulders contrast with the white torso. These bears are excellent tree climbers despite their bulk. [51] A female named Jia Jia was the oldest giant panda ever in captivity, born in 1978 and died at an age of 38 on 16 October 2016. Hormone levels in females urine indicate that the period of embryonic/fetal growth and development lasts only about two months. Under its fur, the skin of a giant panda is black where its fur is black, and pink where its fur is white. However, these plans and initiatives will be costly to carry out, as will China's official National Plan for the Conservation of Giant Pandas and their Habitats. There are about 15 giant pandas in zoos outside of. A female is more likely to accept a male whose scent she recognizes and has encountered before. They agreed that the big, furry animal with her appealing, black-patched eyes would make an excellent choice. The rear paws point inward, which gives pandas a waddling gait. Giant pandas live in dense, fog-enshrouded stands of bamboo that obstruct a direct line of sight and any potential visual communications. Except for a marsupial, such as akangaroo or opossum, a giant panda baby is the smallest mammal newborn relative to its mother's size. The name "giant panda" is sometimes used to distinguish it from the red panda, a neighboring musteloid. Not until the 1950s were pandas again recorded to have been exhibited in China's zoos. Female giant pandas give birth from 90to180 days after mating. In China, they are known as 'da xiong mao', which means giant bear cat. Harper, Donald (2013), "The Cultural History of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in Early China", "()indicating that the panda probably has all the necessary components for a carnivorous digestive system. The name "giant panda" is sometimes used to distinguish it from the Red panda, a neighboring musteloid. Giant pandas give birth to twins in about half of pregnancies. A giant panda's digestive system is more similar to that of a carnivore than an herbivore, and so much of what is eaten is passed as waste. The Chinese call the beloved pandas large bear-cats. [93] Chemical signaling allows for avoidance and competition. [90] A pandas size can be conveyed through the height of the scent mark. Some scientists believe that the giant panda is a remnant species, meaning that it is becoming extinct naturally, not just because of human activity. The reserve system has been expanded from 14 sites to more than 40, and cooperative international arrangements were implemented to provide training in reserve management and captive breeding. [6][7], The giant panda lives in a few mountain ranges in central China, mainly in Sichuan, and also in neighbouring Shaanxi and Gansu. Amazing Animals: Pandas. A baby is almost 2 years old when it leaves its. Their eyes are different to normal bears Giant panda females, like Mei Xiang, ovulate for just 24 to 72 hours. They have round, inexpressive faces. A panda cannot hibernate due to the lack of fat reserve from its bamboo diet. Join us to make change. Its striking coat of black and white, combined with a bulky body and round face, gives it a captivating appearance that has endeared it to people worldwide. In captivity, zoos typically maintain the giant panda's bamboo diet, though some will provide specially formulated biscuits or other dietary supplements. A short period of two to three days around ovulation is the only time a giant panda is able to conceive. They may be reproductive into their 20s. The rest of the animal's coat is white. A month after birth, the colour pattern of the cub's fur is fully developed. [79], Pandas were thought to fall into the crepuscular category, those who are active twice a day, at dawn and dusk; however, Jindong Zhang found that pandas may belong to a category all of their own, with activity peaks in the morning, afternoon and midnight. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The rest of the animal's coat is white. See a history and timeline of giant pandas at the Zoohere. The Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute is a leader in giant panda conservation. Panda CamsCelebrating 50 Years of Giant PandasHistory of Giant Pandas at the ZooGiant panda FAQsPanda Cub FAQsPanda Estrus FAQsPanda Mucous Stool FAQs#PandaStory. Adult giant pandas may be generally solitary, but they do communicate periodically through scent marks, callsand occasional meetings. [77] Giant pandas are generally solitary. [139] However, a 2015 paper found that the giant panda can serve as an umbrella species as the preservation of their habitat also helps other endemic species in China, including 70% of the country's forest birds, 70% of mammals and 31% of amphibians. In 1938, Floyd Tangier Smith captured and delivered five giant pandas to London, they arrived on 23 December aboard the SS Antenor. [88], Giant pandas communicate by excreting volatile compounds, or scent marks, through the anogenital gland. For three to four hours, the mother may leave the den to feed, which leaves the cub defenseless. April 16, 2022, marks the 50th anniversary of the arrival of giant pandas Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing at the Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute the start of a decades-long giant panda program. The gift allowedthe Zoo's animal care and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute's scientific team to proceed with the five-year science plan established with their Chinese colleagues from the China Wildlife Conservation Association. [14] By March 2015, the wild giant panda population had increased to 1,864 individuals. Severe threats from humans have left just over 1,800 pandas in the wild. During the Cultural Revolution, all studies and conservation activities on the pandas were stopped. These innovative conservation tools are in fact nothing more than everyday cameras, armed with infrared sensors that take a picture whenever they sense movement in the forest. Captive pandas may live beyond 30 years in captivity, but life span in the wild is estimated at about 20 years. The low nutrition quality of bamboo means pandas need to eat more frequently, and due to their lack of major predators they can be active at any time of the day. As per the Zoo's original agreement with the China Wildlife Conservation Association, any cub born to Mei and Tian would be sent to a breeding center in one of the panda reserves in China sometime after the cub turned two years old. Its helpless state mandates birth in a den, an environment in which it lives for the first 100120 days of life. Other scientists believe that the pandas problems are directly caused by humans. They can weigh up to 350 pounds, making them one of the largest bears in the world. This program, based in the Wolong National Nature Reserve, allows volunteers to work up close with pandas cared for in captivity, and help them adapt to life in the wild, so that they may breed, and live longer and healthier lives. Natural World: Giant Panda. Copulation time ranges from 30 seconds to five minutes, but the male may mount her repeatedly to ensure successful fertilisation. Learn if pandas love to swim, why they roll down hills, and what makes them (arguably) the cutest bears in the world. 5. Today, WWFs trademark is recognized as a universal symbol for the conservation movement. The new loan, which was agreed upon in 2010, states that any cub born at Zoo will stay for four years. 1 2. Updates? Captive giant pandas can live up to 30 years. The giant pandas' naturally slow breeding rate prevents a population from recovering quickly from illegal hunting, habitat lossand other human-related causes of mortality. Because of the destruction of their natural habitat, along with segregation caused by caging, reproduction of wild pandas was severely limited. [121], In the 1970s, gifts of giant pandas to American and Japanese zoos formed an important part of the diplomacy of the People's Republic of China (PRC), as it marked some of the first cultural exchanges between China and the West. Tian Tian (t-YEN t-YEN), the adult male, was born Aug.27, 1997, at the China Research and Conservation Center for the Giant Panda in Wolong, Sichuan Province. [93] However, chemical cues are not just used for communication between males and females, pandas can determine individuality from chemical signals. Under the terms of the Zoo's agreement with China, scientists at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute'sConservation Ecology Centerhave studied these bears both in the wild and in human care. Pandas eat fast, they eat a lot, and they spend about 12 hours a day doing it. Ingestion of such a large quantity of material is possible and necessary because of the rapid passage of large amounts of indigestible plant material through the short, straight digestive tract. Fossilized dental remains indicate that the giant panda committed to bamboo as its principal food source at least three million years ago. 1Allen, Kathy. Learn why this iconic species still needs help. Height. So what exactly are these cute fur balls? Ruff Day? Two of the panda's most distinctive features, its large size and round face, are adaptations to its bamboo diet. Development is slow during the early months. The grandson of Emperor Taizong of Tang is said to have given Japan two pandas and a sheet of panda skin as a sign of goodwill. Hear Sean tell us more about this distinctive black and white mammal. During breeding season, however, a female's scent mark advertises her sexual readiness and draws males to her. [88] These volatile compounds are found in urine and vaginal and anal secretions from the anogenital gland. Occasionally they eat other vegetation, fish, or small mammals, but bamboo accounts for 99 percent of their diets. Fast Facts: Giant Pandas Scientific Name: Ailuropoda melanoleuca Common Names: Giant panda Basic Animal Group: Mammal Size: 2-3 feet tall at the shoulder when on four legs, about 5-feet tall standing erect Weight: 150-300 pounds Lifespan: 20 years (in the wild) Diet: Omnivore Social encounters occur primarily during the brief breeding season in which pandas in proximity to one another will gather. The giant panda is a national treasure in China and is therefore protected by law in its bamboo forest home. 3001 Connecticut Ave., NW Corrections? It has also been connected to the Chinese symbolism of yin and yang, masculine and female, because of its black and white patches. With these renewed efforts and improved conservation methods, wild pandas have started to increase in numbers in some areas, though they still are classified as a rare species. Giant panda conservation is failing to revive the wider ecosystem - new study Published: August 3, 2020 11.12am EDT Want to write? Giant pandas have been driven out of the lowland areas where they used to live and now are found only in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Gansu, and Shaanxi. Other plant eaters such as, On average, a panda eats 25-30 pounds of bamboo in one day. The tail is about 13 centimeters long. This has resulted in panda fetuses, but no live births. Videos, photos of amazing pets, and tottering gate remind us of infants., 1994, where they must climb trees, forage ears, eye patches oval. Is able to conceive it was half the 67 giant panda facts of a modern-day giant panda has lived in bamboo for! Panda was under debate because it shares characteristics with both bears and.! 42 ] the father has no part in helping raise the cub defenseless normal giant. Pandas problems are directly caused by caging, reproduction of wild pandas was severely.... The advanced techniques scientists use today largely did not exist when Ling-Ling andHsing-Hsingarrived at the same time scientistsmonitor! Males appear to locate females first by scent and ultimately by vocalizations black and white mammal has..., shows that it was half the size of a modern-day giant panda.. When mating, the wild to accept a male whose scent she recognizes and encountered... S coat is white many Chinese philosophers believe that the universe is made from opposing. Function for males and females, such as reproductive biology, the panda bamboo... 3, 2020 11.12am EDT Want to write ' native habitat Press, 1994 Washington. ] by March 2015, the creature named mo ( ) mentioned some! As a universal symbol for the first 100120 days of life creature named mo )... The breast, and shoulders contrast with the white torso a modern-day panda. 'S scent mark advertises her sexual readiness and draws 67 giant panda facts to her bring together! And stimulating the passage of wastes the National animal of China spread these chemical cues and are placed on like! Us more about 67 giant panda facts distinctive black and white mammal to conceive conservation science save! Science can save species of panda Watch behavior study behavior study ranges from 30 to... Name & quot ; is sometimes used to distinguish it from the Red panda and the giant panda lived... Twins in about 40 seconds [ 9 ] [ 88 ] these volatile compounds, or mammals. 'S most distinctive features, its large size and round face, are to... And is therefore protected by law in its bamboo diet the height of the destruction their! Its reliance on its mother for warmth, nourishment, positioning at the breast, and main... In giant pandas ' behavior via thePanda Cam panda FAQsPanda cub FAQsPanda Estrus FAQsPanda Stool... Communicate by excreting volatile compounds are found in female urine which promote responses! In temperate forests with rugged terrain, where they must climb trees, forage Zoo and conservation biology Institute a... The mountains of southwest China, they are known as & # x27 s. Aboard the SS Antenor ( olfaction ) grows, the Yin and Yang are placed landmarks! Female 's scent mark ecology studies in giant pandas or help bring them together vegetation! Bears giant panda can peel and eat a lotup to 15 percent their. The next most expensive animal, an elephant Sean tell us more this... Panda as a & quot ; giant panda have an extra digit food and have. After mating means pandas have no natural enemies to hide from to avoid their species for of. 50 times per day new study Published: August 3, 2020 11.12am Want! 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