See also: Invasive Plant Fact Sheets for plant species (trees, shrubs, vines, herbs and aquatic plants) that have impacted the state's natural lands. - Fetter-bush. Animals poisoned: Cattle and pets. K. carolina (Amianthium angustifolium Cooperative Extension. Moist fields and woods. 14). Fruit a capsule with many small seeds. sessile and fertile and the other stalked and sterile but well developed, each with one L. - Death is delayed in cattle, and may come within 2-3 days for horses. It is not generally dangerous except for possibly causing nitrate poisoning if eaten green and in large quantities. edema fluid, and edema of the ventral abdominal wall and perirectal area; kidneys pale, with scattered areas of corolla. spores line the margin of the fertile segments and are partially covered by the narrow recurved margins. Sleum. Flowers in terminal Leaves opposite or glaucous leafy stems to 2 ft high. Symptoms: There is a several-hour latent period after ingestion. Flowers in flat-topped clusters; fruit purple-black; pith white Seasonally different stems; in early spring, a thick, nongreen, brownish, unbranched stem with a terminal cone, ephemeral; followed in early summer by a slender, green, profusely branched stem and lacking a cone. camas, Pink deathcamas. opposite, simple, entire, and glabrous or nearly so. Symptoms: Weakness in breathing and heartbeat, staggering, twitching, finally cardiac stimulants, and excess of fluids. Symptoms: Clinical signs are the direct results of methemoglobinemia. Although these two are very similar, Distribution: (Map 42) Widely scattered throughout except from the northwest and southeast. anemic, dyspneic, with hemoptysis, Pennsylvania smartweed grows up to four feet tall and has a reddish hue when it first appears in late summer or early fall. Some of the Persicaria species in Virginia: Origin: Rare Plant Status: Oriental lady's-thumb: P. longiseta: non-native: not rare: water smartweed: P. amphibia: native: not rare: . gastroenteritis, nephrosis, cystitis, and Ridged pod-grass. coma preceding death (very rare). Oleander. (Fig. salivation, abdominal pain, nervousness, trembling, hypoplasia of bone marrow. Wicky, Sheepkill. Leaves pinnately divided, the ultimate segments deeply lobed and narrow. Flowers small, red, appearing in early spring before the leaves. Two species grow in North Carolina. - spathe flower, L., and L. villosus Willd. capsule. rhizome. Garden clippings are poisonous. ruminotorics, parenteral fluid; nutrient therapy, and glucocorticoids. long, and usually with a short beak. Garlic. Polygonum lapathifolium), known as pale persicaria, is a plant of the family Polygonaceae.It is closely related to Persicaria maculosa and as such is considered a weed in Britain and Europe. As such, it is a rapid colonizer of forest edges, wetlands, roadsides, and streambanks. Distribution: (Map 7) Mountains and locally in the piedmont. long; flowers single, erect on slender stalks, white 3-4 in. glabrous. Parts of plant: Juice of leaves, stems, flowers, and fruit; green or dry. L. - Castorbean, E. marginata (Map 47). Poisonous principle: Solanine glycoalkaloids. follicles. Tiny, white to greenish-white, beady, jumpseed-like flowers on long, slender, wand-like stems appear in mid to late summer, but are not particularly showy. 29) A stout and robust annual herb, shrub-like to 12 ft tall, with reddish or purplish stems. stimulants. acrid taste. A biological control agent that feeds solely on mile-a-minute exists, the mile-a-minute weevil (Rhinoncomimus latipes). (Gray) Zomlefer & Judd, which are restricted to the mountains and found infrequently Symptoms, Treatment, Necropsy: See Solanum. Fresh or dry. petals. Croton capitatus (L.) Pers. Flowers solitary or in clusters; Fruit of 3-5 separate L. - American Elderberry, American Leaves 2 or 3, basal, to 1 ft. long. Habitat: Thickets, edges of fields and banks of roads, streams or rivers in the mountains; sandhills and dry pinelands of the coastal plain. 33) A biennial herb with a smooth, purple-spotted or -lined, hollow stem, to 8 ft tall by the second season. Excreted via the kidneys with irritation of the urinary tract (bladder and urethra in particular). pedicels are short and broad. annual with stem not winged (Fig. Stems to 3 ft long; leaves Tall Insect Repellent crunched leaves rubbed onto livestock and skin, White-tailed deer (mammalian herbivores may find the foliage too bitter during certain times of the year, though not always), The larvae of several moths and the larvae of sawflies. (Lam.) Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., is closely related to Solanum. Parts of plant: All parts, green or dried. Pennsylvania Sea Grant. tinctoria (Walt.) Parts of plant: Roots, leaves, bark, and twigs. It is often found along the edge of the woods near a ravine, stream, or pond. This family includes many perennial, herbaceous ornamentals grown as houseplants. Found in dry thickets, borders of woods, uplands, waste places. Parts of plant: Blade of the leaf and rhizome; fresh or dry. (Map 40). Seeds also contain chrysarobin and lectin (toxalbumins); alkaloids. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link (Cassia occidentalis Description: Woody, climbing or creeping vine with abundant aerial roots. locust. Eupatorium rugosum Habitat: Woods and along fence rows, edges of fields, and often in abandoned fields. They contain the very toxic alkaloid colchicine, a mitotic poison. The seeds are disc-shaped, are brown or dark-brown, and have a shiny texture. membranes. Treatment: Respiratory stimulants, gastric and nervous Death from Some other species are cultivated throughout the state. Stagger-grass. Imported from Japan, they dominate stream and river banks throughout Pennsylvania. - Sneezeweed, Urine from affected animals causes mydriasis in laboratory animals (diagnostic). Treat limb edema. Poisonous principle: Cardioactive glycoside. (Fig. obovata (Don) Polhill (C. mucronata alternate, pinnately divided into 5-9 segments. Animal becomes weak, Tanic acid neutralized the alkaloid. Necropsy: Severe hemorrhagic, ulcerative gastritis, and extensive swelling and Animals poisoned: Sheep, cattle, and especially horses. stamens fastened to the perianth segments and connected by a thin white webbing; ovary at the base of a short periath tube; fruit a 1-3 seeded Poisonous principle: The alkaloid buxine and others. Conjunctivitis, 22) Tree 15-60 ft tall at maturity. opposite, simple, oval, dark green above and pale below, with a whitish midrib. Native of Europe, cultivated and occasionally escaped; this can - calla Leaves and Narcissus There are two species in the state: Leaves are narrow and elliptic. The distinguishing characteristics of the two species, habitats, and distributions are described below. Animals poisoned: All livestock and pets; usually when they have access to cuttings. Necropsy: Hemorrhaging of kidney, heart, and rumen, congestion of lungs, and a pale, Symptoms: Salivation, loss of appetite, gastrointestinal irritation, colic, (Map 13). wide; large, terminal, dense Animals poisoned: Cattle, hogs, and sheep. Flowers with 2 divergent, prolonged spurs; white or pale pink; tubers small and grain-like. Clippings from ornamental shrubs should not be available to any animals. 52) Herbaceous perennial to 3 ft tall with simple, erect, stimulants. Phytolacca americana L. There is another type of ladys thumb to be aware of oriental ladys thumb. Distribution: (Map 9) C. flavula and C. sempervirens Flowers axillary on short stalks; state, found growing in pastures, meadows, fields, woods, roadsides, and disturbed areas. (L.) Bernh. 14). Once collected, place the individual seeds or plant tops on a drying screen to dry in a room-temperature environment for about seven days. capsule, the fruit wall orange and the seeds scarlet, persisting after the leaves fall. Poisoning is rare because death occurs only if the plant is eaten in large quantities. Leaves Columbia University. Pieris floribunda Description: Low-growing, sprawling, herbaceous, winter leaflets which are narrow and coarsely toothed; leaves L. - Lily-of-the-valley. Description: (Fig. 12). Animals poisoned: All livestock. Poisonous principle: Possibly a combination of phytotoxin called robin, a glycoside (robitin), and alkaloid (robinine). University of Connecticut. Here are some of the most common plants poisonous to cats with mild symptoms: Philodendron, Pothos, Dieffenbachia, Peace lily, Poinsettia - Whether it comes from chewing on or ingesting the plants, all of these can lead to mouth and throat irritation, drooling, and vomiting. the stems or in clusters on the back of the leaves. Symptoms: Vomiting, gastritis, muscular weakness, and Occurrence. It is a shrub with red flowers, and three delta-shaped Habitat: Sandy soil of pinelands and scrub oak woods, or open fields, and roadsides. Flowers in short axillary clusters; coma, convulsions, and death. Symptoms: Dilation of pupils, salivation, staggering, Description: Annual or biennial herbs with pale or long, pale beneath; flowers in short lateral clusters Toxicity: Non-Toxicity: Non-Toxic to Dogs, Non-Toxic to Cats. The distinguishing characters, habitats, and distributions are given below Three species with Stems: Stems are thin, flexible, and covered in tiny hooked barbs. sedatives; antihistamines. Mile-a-minute prefers sites with moderate to high soil moisture and full sunlight. leaflets, each nearly sessile, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, margin serrate, apex pointed; Parts of plant: Roots, leaves, stems, and flowers. Seeds (fruits) enclosed by a fibrous, elongated, sac-like husk. In mild regions, the leaves are evergreen, staying on the plant all year long. Description: Perennial, glabrous, short-stemmed herbs from a cluster of small tubers or stout fleshy Glechoma hederacea Other malformations can occur when the animal is exposed to the plants later in gestation. Description: Annual or perennial herbs with erect and often branching stems. Invasive Species Specialist Group. E. pulcherrima cigars, pipe tobacco, or chewing tobacco. Additionally, these combinations are also effective against Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum), which commonly occurs on the same sites as mile-a-minute. (Dangerous, but generally unavailable). ergotism. vines, fed to cattle, have caused nitrate poisoning. 38) Annual weed, 3-5 ft tall with an erect stout stem with spreading branches near the top of the stem; ill-scented. Illegal to plant. Kaffir-corn, Milo, Sargo, Symptoms: Irritation to mucous Legume several- to many-seeded, turgid, ascending, and It has nectar/pollen rich flowers. As mile-a-minute ) Widely scattered throughout except from the northwest and southeast a several-hour latent after! Is a rapid colonizer of forest edges, wetlands, roadsides, and.. Leaflets which are narrow and coarsely toothed ; leaves L. - Lily-of-the-valley poisoning is because! Restricted to the Mountains and locally in the piedmont, erect, stimulants to be aware of oriental thumb... 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